UNIT-I: STATIC RELAYS
Advantages of static relays-Basic construction of static relays-Level detectors-Replica impedance
–Mixing circuits-General equation for two input phase and amplitude comparators-Duality
between amplitude and phase comparators.
AMPLITUDE COMPARATORS: Circulating current type and opposed voltage type- rectifier
bridge comparators, Direct and Instantaneous comparators.
UNIT-II: PHASE COMPARATORS
Coincidence circuit type- block spike phase comparator, techniques to measure the period of
coincidence-Integrating type-Rectifier and Vector product type- Phase comparators.
STATIC OVER CURRENT RELAYS: Instantaneous over-current relay-Time over-current relaysbasic
principles –definite time and Inverse definite time over-current relays.
UNIT-III: STATIC DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS
Analysis of Static Differential Relays –Static Relay schemes –Duo bias transformer differential
protection –Harmonic restraint relay.
STATIC DISTANCE RELAYS: Static impedance-reactance–MHO and angle impedance relaysampling
comparator –realization of reactance and MHO relay using sampling comparator.
UNIT-IV: MULTI-INPUT COMPARATORS
Conic section characteristics-Three input amplitude comparator –Hybrid comparator-switched
distance schemes –Poly phase distance schemes- phase fault scheme –three phase scheme –
combined and ground fault scheme.
POWER SWINGS: Effect of power swings on the performance of distance relays –Power swing
analysis-Principle of out of step tripping and blocking relays-effect of line and length and source
impedance on distance relays.
UNIT-V: MICROPROCESSOR BASED PROTECTIVE RELAYS
(Block diagram and flowchart approach only)-Over current relays–impedance relays-directional
relay-reactance relay .Generalized mathematical expressions for distance relays-measurement of
resistance and reactance –MHO and offset MHO relays-Realization of MHO characteristics-
Realization of offset MHO characteristics -Basic principle of Digital computer relaying.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Badri Ram and D.N.Vishwakarma, “Power system protection and Switch gear “, TMH
publication New Delhi 1995.
REFERENCE:
1. T.S.Madhava Rao , “Static relays”, TMH publication, second edition
1989.
1. Protection and Switchgear, Bhavesh Bhalja, R. P. Mahesheari, Nilesh G. Chothani, Oxford
University Press.
2. Electrical Power System Protection, C. Christopoulos and A. Wright, Springer International.
Advantages of static relays-Basic construction of static relays-Level detectors-Replica impedance
–Mixing circuits-General equation for two input phase and amplitude comparators-Duality
between amplitude and phase comparators.
AMPLITUDE COMPARATORS: Circulating current type and opposed voltage type- rectifier
bridge comparators, Direct and Instantaneous comparators.
UNIT-II: PHASE COMPARATORS
Coincidence circuit type- block spike phase comparator, techniques to measure the period of
coincidence-Integrating type-Rectifier and Vector product type- Phase comparators.
STATIC OVER CURRENT RELAYS: Instantaneous over-current relay-Time over-current relaysbasic
principles –definite time and Inverse definite time over-current relays.
UNIT-III: STATIC DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS
Analysis of Static Differential Relays –Static Relay schemes –Duo bias transformer differential
protection –Harmonic restraint relay.
STATIC DISTANCE RELAYS: Static impedance-reactance–MHO and angle impedance relaysampling
comparator –realization of reactance and MHO relay using sampling comparator.
UNIT-IV: MULTI-INPUT COMPARATORS
Conic section characteristics-Three input amplitude comparator –Hybrid comparator-switched
distance schemes –Poly phase distance schemes- phase fault scheme –three phase scheme –
combined and ground fault scheme.
POWER SWINGS: Effect of power swings on the performance of distance relays –Power swing
analysis-Principle of out of step tripping and blocking relays-effect of line and length and source
impedance on distance relays.
UNIT-V: MICROPROCESSOR BASED PROTECTIVE RELAYS
(Block diagram and flowchart approach only)-Over current relays–impedance relays-directional
relay-reactance relay .Generalized mathematical expressions for distance relays-measurement of
resistance and reactance –MHO and offset MHO relays-Realization of MHO characteristics-
Realization of offset MHO characteristics -Basic principle of Digital computer relaying.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Badri Ram and D.N.Vishwakarma, “Power system protection and Switch gear “, TMH
publication New Delhi 1995.
REFERENCE:
1. T.S.Madhava Rao , “Static relays”, TMH publication, second edition
1989.
1. Protection and Switchgear, Bhavesh Bhalja, R. P. Mahesheari, Nilesh G. Chothani, Oxford
University Press.
2. Electrical Power System Protection, C. Christopoulos and A. Wright, Springer International.
No comments:
Post a Comment